Benefits of longer VSL?
Instruments- discuss specific features, luthiers, instrument problems & questions
As a general rule, we might assume that VSL independent of other variables has some effect on volume and sustain, but the other aspects of design weigh heavier, I'm sure. It was probably once the case that baritones in general had longer VSLs, but there are several luthiers now (New Harmony, Folkcraft . . . ) making baritones with a 25" VSL. (After all, if Taylor can offer their GS Mini as an acoustic bass, then anything is possible.)
As a chord player, I find shorter VSLs much more comfortable. Yes, I can stretch to that 1-2-4 A chord on a dulcimer with a 28" VSL, but it feels like I'm stretching. That same chord on a dulcimer with a 25" VSL is just plain comfortable.
There are a few luthiers (Folkcraft, Terry McCafferty) who use the same design and make dulcimers with varying VSLs by moving the placement of the bridge (McSpadden moves the nut for the same purpose, but I'm a little skeptical of that approach). You might ask them what they've noticed about the effect of VSL on the volume, sustain, and tone. I have a 25" McCafferty, and I suspect that had I opted for the 25.8" or 27" model, I would have a wee bit more sustain, but I doubt the tone and volume would change much.